Definition and Nomenclature Virion : Complete viral particle Capsid : Protein coat made of repeating subunits called capsomeres Nucleocapsid : Capsid + viral nucleic acid + associated proteins Envelope : Lipid bilayer of host origin, studded with viral glycoproteins Key Features of Viruses Acellular and metabolically inert outside host cells No cell membrane , cytoplasm, or cellular organelles Can carry either DNA or RNA (unlike all other organisms which have only DNA) Obligate intracellular replication cannot grow outside living cells Viral Envelopes Derived from host membranes (plasma or organelle) Contain viral glycoproteins essential for: Binding to host cell receptors Membrane fusion for viral entry Enveloped viruses are vulnerable to detergents (lipid bilayer disruption) Viral Proteins Structural proteins : Form part of the mature virion Non-structural proteins : Expressed during replication but not incorporated into virion Symmetry & Shapes Helical symmetry : Capsomeres form a spiral around viral nucleic acid (e.g

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After divorcing in 1944 from his first wife, Helena Woolworth McCann, who would not have been out of place in an Edith Wharton novel, he married Lucy Douglas Cochrane in 1947