Introduction Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a prevalent and debilitating gastrointestinal condition characterized by recurrent flare-ups of symptoms such as increased central pain, bloating, diarrhea, and constipation ( Post-viral gastroenteritis, pre-morbid psychological disorders, and the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis mediate a maladaptive stress response, which is essential for the onset, intensity, and persistence of IBS-associated symptoms ( The Rome IV diagnostic criteria are currently used to diagnose IBS, which is divided into four subgroups based on bowel habits, bowel function, and stool consistency: constipation dominant (IBS-C), diarrhea dominant (IBS-D), mixed (IBS-M), and unclassified/unspecified IBS (IBS-U) ( Following food consumption, the metabolic endocrine cascade begins with gastric emptying
Do not donate on an empty stomach
In peptide therapy, specific peptides are used to support metabolic health, fat burning, and recovery, often with fewer side effects than pharmaceuticals
10.1016/j.bcp.2015.07.012 Summary Keywords berberine, GLP-1, GLP-1r, islet cell, T2DM Citation Wu W, Xia Q, Guo Y, Wang H, Dong H, Lu F and Yuan F (2023) Berberine enhances the function of db/db mice islet cell through GLP-1/GLP-1R/PKA signaling pathway in intestinal L cell and islet cell
Discovery of small molecules targeting the growth hormone secretagogue receptor (GHS-R1a) for the treatment of obesity